Solution:Step 1: Check initial values in settings hashsettings[:theme] is nil, settings[:font_size] is 12 (truthy).Step 2: Apply conditional assignmentsettings[:theme] ||= 'dark' sets theme to 'dark' because it was nil.settings[:font_size] ||= 14 does not change font_size because 12 is truthy.Final

[Solved] Given this code:settings = { theme: nil, font_size: 12 } settings[:theme] ||= 'dark' settings[:font_size] ||= 14 puts settings[:theme] puts settings[:font_size]What is the output and why? | Ruby

Ruby - Operators and Expressions

Given this code:

settings = { theme: nil, font_size: 12 }
settings[:theme] ||= 'dark'
settings[:font_size] ||= 14
puts settings[:theme]
puts settings[:font_size]

What is the output and why?

Anil\n14 because theme is nil and font_size is replaced

Bdark\n12 because theme was nil and font_size was truthy

Cdark\n14 because both keys were nil or false

Dnil\n12 because ||= does not work on hashes

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Check initial values in settings hash
settings[:theme] is nil, settings[:font_size] is 12 (truthy).
Step 2: Apply conditional assignment
settings[:theme] ||= 'dark' sets theme to 'dark' because it was nil.
settings[:font_size] ||= 14 does not change font_size because 12 is truthy.
Final Answer:
dark 12 -> Option B
Quick Check:
Nil replaced, truthy kept = dark and 12 [OK]

Quick Trick: ||= sets defaults only if current value is nil or false [OK]

Common Mistakes:

Assuming 12 is replaced by 14
Thinking ||= doesn't work on hash values
Confusing nil with false values

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Given this code:

Step 1: Check initial values in settings hash

Step 2: Apply conditional assignment

Final Answer:

Quick Check:

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