Distribution plots (histplot, kdeplot) in Data Analysis Python

Introduction

Distribution plots help us see how data values spread out or cluster. They make it easy to understand patterns in numbers.

To check how exam scores are spread among students.

To see the distribution of daily temperatures in a city.

To understand customer ages in a store.

To find out if data is mostly low, high, or balanced.

To compare two groups’ data shapes visually.

Syntax

Data Analysis Python

import seaborn as sns
sns.histplot(data, bins=number_of_bins, kde=True)
sns.kdeplot(data, shade=True)

histplot draws bars showing counts in ranges (bins).

kdeplot draws a smooth curve estimating data density.

Examples

This shows how many times each number appears using bars.

Data Analysis Python

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Simple histogram
sns.histplot([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4])
plt.show()

Bars show counts and the smooth line shows data density.

Data Analysis Python

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Histogram with KDE curve
sns.histplot([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4], kde=True)
plt.show()

Shows a smooth curve estimating where data points cluster.

Data Analysis Python

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# KDE plot only
sns.kdeplot([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4], shade=True)
plt.show()

Sample Program

This program makes 1000 random numbers centered at 0. It then shows a histogram with bars and a smooth KDE curve to see the data spread.

Data Analysis Python

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Create sample data: 1000 random numbers from normal distribution
data = np.random.normal(loc=0, scale=1, size=1000)

# Plot histogram with KDE
sns.histplot(data, bins=30, kde=True)
plt.title('Histogram with KDE')
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.show()

Important Notes

Use bins to control how many bars appear in the histogram.

Adding kde=True in histplot overlays the smooth curve.

shade=True in kdeplot fills the area under the curve for better visibility.

Summary

Distribution plots show how data values spread or cluster.

histplot uses bars; kdeplot uses smooth curves.

They help understand data shape and compare groups visually.

Practice

1. What does the histplot function primarily display in a distribution plot?

easy

A. Bars showing the frequency of data values in bins

B. A smooth curve estimating the data density

C. Scatter points representing individual data values

D. A line chart showing data over time

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of histplot

   The histplot function creates a histogram, which groups data into bins and shows how many values fall into each bin using bars.

2. Step 2: Differentiate from kdeplot

   Unlike kdeplot which draws a smooth curve, histplot uses bars to represent frequency counts.

3. Final Answer:

   Bars showing the frequency of data values in bins -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   histplot = bars frequency [OK]

Hint: Histplot uses bars for counts, kdeplot uses smooth curves [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing histplot with kdeplot
• Thinking histplot shows individual points
• Assuming histplot draws lines instead of bars

2. Which of the following is the correct way to import seaborn and plot a histogram of a list data using histplot?

easy

A. import seaborn as sb
sb.kdeplot(data)

B. import seaborn
seaborn.plot_hist(data)

C. from seaborn import histplot
kdeplot(data)

D. import seaborn as sns
sns.histplot(data)

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the standard import for seaborn

   The common alias for seaborn is sns, so import seaborn as sns is correct.

2. Step 2: Verify the function call for histogram

   The function to plot a histogram is histplot, so sns.histplot(data) is the correct syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   import seaborn as sns sns.histplot(data) -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Standard import + histplot call = import seaborn as sns sns.histplot(data) [OK]

Hint: Use 'import seaborn as sns' and call sns.histplot(data) [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using wrong alias like sb
• Calling non-existent seaborn.plot_hist
• Importing histplot directly from seaborn

3. What will the following code output?

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
sns.kdeplot(data)
plt.show()

medium

A. A smooth curve estimating the data density

B. A bar chart showing counts of each number

C. A scatter plot of the data points

D. An error because kdeplot needs a DataFrame

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what sns.kdeplot does

   The kdeplot function draws a smooth curve estimating the probability density of the data.

2. Step 2: Check the input data type

   The input is a list of numbers, which is valid for kdeplot, so no error occurs.

3. Final Answer:

   A smooth curve estimating the data density -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   kdeplot = smooth density curve [OK]

Hint: kdeplot draws smooth curves, not bars or points [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting bars instead of curve
• Thinking kdeplot requires DataFrame input
• Confusing kdeplot with scatter plot

4. The following code does not display a plot. What is the most likely cause?

import seaborn as sns
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
sns.histplot(data, kde=True)

medium

A. Data must be a DataFrame, not a list

B. The parameter 'kde' is not valid for histplot

C. Missing import of matplotlib.pyplot to show the plot

D. histplot cannot plot numeric data

Solution

1. Step 1: Check if plot display is handled

   The code calls sns.histplot but does not call plt.show() to display the plot.

2. Step 2: Identify missing import and display call

   Without importing matplotlib.pyplot and calling plt.show(), the plot won't appear, which may be mistaken as an error.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing import of matplotlib.pyplot to show the plot -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Need plt.show() to display plot [OK]

Hint: Always import matplotlib.pyplot and call plt.show() to display plots [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming 'kde' param is invalid for histplot
• Thinking list data causes error
• Believing histplot can't plot numeric data

5. You have two groups of data: group1 = [1,2,2,3,4] and group2 = [3,4,4,5,6]. You want to compare their distributions on the same plot using seaborn. Which code correctly overlays their KDE plots with different colors?

hard

A. import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = group1 + group2
labels = ['group1', 'group2']
sns.kdeplot(data, hue=labels)
plt.show()

B. import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.kdeplot(group1, color='blue')
sns.kdeplot(group2, color='red')
plt.show()

C. import seaborn as sns
sns.histplot(group1, color='blue')
sns.histplot(group2, color='red')

D. import seaborn as sns
sns.kdeplot(group1)
sns.kdeplot(group2)
plt.show()

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand how to overlay KDE plots

   Calling sns.kdeplot twice with different data and colors overlays the KDE curves on the same plot.

2. Step 2: Check for plot display

   Importing matplotlib.pyplot and calling plt.show() ensures the plot appears.

3. Step 3: Evaluate other options

   import seaborn as sns
   import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
   data = group1 + group2
   labels = ['group1']*len(group1) + ['group2']*len(group2)
   sns.kdeplot(data, hue=labels)
   plt.show()

   uses hue incorrectly on a list without DataFrame;

   import seaborn as sns
   sns.histplot(group1, color='blue')
   sns.histplot(group2, color='red')

   uses histplot, not KDE;

   import seaborn as sns
   sns.kdeplot(group1)
   sns.kdeplot(group2)
   plt.show()

   misses import matplotlib.pyplot as plt.

4. Final Answer:

   import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt sns.kdeplot(group1, color='blue') sns.kdeplot(group2, color='red') plt.show() -> Option B

5. Quick Check:

   Overlay KDE with sns.kdeplot twice + plt.show() [OK]

Hint: Call sns.kdeplot twice with colors, then plt.show() [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using hue on plain lists without DataFrame
• Forgetting plt.show() to display plot
• Mixing histplot with kdeplot for smooth curves